Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) and Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) are two intricate conditions that often intersect, both rooted in the complex interplay between psychological trauma and physical symptoms. Understanding their connection is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding CPTSD and FND
CPTSD arises from prolonged exposure to traumatic events, such as chronic abuse or captivity, leading to a constellation of symptoms, including emotional dysregulation, negative self-perception, and difficulties in relationships. The prevalence of CPTSD in the general population ranges from approximately 2.6% to 7.7%, with higher rates observed in at-risk groups.
Medical Perception of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND)
Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) occupies a unique space within the medical field, as it lies at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. FND sufferers are often dismissed by the medical profession due to the absence of structural abnormalities in diagnostic tests, leading to misconceptions that their symptoms are psychological or “not real.” Although historically misunderstood and often stigmatized, the perception of FND has evolved significantly in recent years, thanks to advances in research and a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms.
FND, previously known as conversion disorder, manifests as neurological symptoms—such as functional seizures, paralysis, or sensory disturbances—that lack a clear medical cause. Research indicates that individuals with FND report an approximately threefold increase in adverse life experiences compared to healthy controls, highlighting the significant role of trauma in its development.
The Interplay Between CPTSD and FND
The relationship between CPTSD and FND is multifaceted, with trauma serving as a common denominator. Traumatic experiences can disrupt neural networks and alter brain function, leading to both psychological and neurological symptoms. Studies have shown that individuals with FND often have a history of complex trauma, suggesting a potential trauma subtype of FND.
Shared Mechanisms
Several mechanisms may underlie the connection between CPTSD and FND:
- Dissociation: Both conditions frequently involve dissociative symptoms, where individuals experience a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory.
- Emotional Dysregulation: CPTSD is characterized by difficulties in managing emotions, which can exacerbate or trigger FND symptoms.
- Altered Brain Connectivity: Research suggests that trauma can disrupt resting-state functional connectivity in the brain, affecting areas involved in emotion regulation and motor control.
Implications for Treatment
Recognizing the overlap between CPTSD and FND has significant implications for treatment approaches. A trauma-informed, multidisciplinary strategy that addresses both psychological and neurological aspects is crucial. This may include psychotherapy to process traumatic experiences, physical therapy to manage functional symptoms, and interventions aimed at improving emotional regulation and reducing dissociation.
Conclusion
The intricate connection between CPTSD and FND underscores the profound impact of trauma on both mind and body. While statistics are limited, it’s recognized that some physicians may not fully acknowledge trauma as a precursor to the development of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND). This gap in recognition can lead to challenges in providing comprehensive, trauma-informed care for individuals with FND. By deepening our understanding of the interplay between CPTSD and FND, we can develop more effective, holistic treatment strategies that address the full spectrum of symptoms experienced by individuals affected by these complex disorders.
Guest Post Disclaimer: Any and all information shared in this guest blog post is intended for educational and informational purposes only. Nothing in this blog post, nor any content on CPTSDfoundation.org, is a supplement for or supersedes the relationship and direction of your medical or mental health providers. Thoughts, ideas, or opinions expressed by the writer of this guest blog post do not necessarily reflect those of CPTSD Foundation. For more information, see our Privacy Policy and Full Disclaimer.
Tracy Guy is a published author and a proud guest writer for the C-PTSD Foundation. Professionally, Tracy has experience in mental health and muti-trauma nursing and is now a full-time counsellor working with people struggling with complex trauma, anxiety, and grief. Her passion for writing, unwavering instinct to help others, and professional and lived experience drives Tracy to support and advocate for those suffering from debilitating traumatic experiences and C-PTSD. Tracy hopes to raise understanding and awareness of C-PTSD, more specifically, the association of C-PTSD with abusive relationships.
Thank you for this report as I find it very helpful for FND warrior
Great read
You are very welcome, Nae. Thank you for your kind comment. I’m glad you found the article helpful.
Thank you SO MUCH, Tracy! Despite having cPTSD & being in treatment for years, I’d never heard of FND & was having a number of distressing symptoms, including dysphagia, for which specialists could provide no diagnosis. I ended up on short-term disability trying to figure out what was happening & find an effective treatment. Thankfully, my new trauma-informed psychiatrist & therapist both recognized that these physical manifestations might be FND. Finally processing my trauma with this team allowed my symptoms to gradually resolve. What a relief!